Preliminary experience of gasless transoral vestibular robotic thyroidectomy / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the feasibility and safety of the gasless transoral vestibular robotic thyroidectomy using skin suspension. Methods: The clinical data of 20 patients underwent gasless transoral vestibular robotic thyroidectomy in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from February 2022 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 18 were females and 2 were males, aged (38.7±8.0) years old. The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative drainage volume, postoperative pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, postoperative swallowing function swallowing impairment score-6 (SIS-6), postoperative aesthetic VAS score, postoperative voice handicap index-10 (VHI-10) voice quality, postoperative pathology and complications were recorded. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: The operations were successfully completed without conversion to open surgery in all patients. Pathological examination showed papillary thyroid carcinoma in 18 cases, retrosternal nodular goiter in 1 case, and cystic change in goiter in 1 case. The operative time for thyroid cancer was 161.50 (152.75, 182.50) min [M (P25, P75), the same below] and the average operative time for benign thyroid diseases was 166.50 minutes. The intraoperative blood loss 25.00 (21.25, 30.00) ml. In 18 cases of thyroid cancer, the mean diameter of the tumors was (7.22±2.02) mm, and lymph nodes (6.56±2.14) were dissected in the central region, with a lymph node metastasis rate of 61.11%. The postoperative pain VAS score was 3.00 (2.25, 4.00) points at 24 hours, the mean postoperative drainage volume was (118.35±24.32) ml, the postoperative hospital stay was 3.00 (3.00, 3.75) days, the postoperative SIS-6 score was (4.90±1.58) points at 3 months, and the postoperative VHI-10 score was 7.50 (2.00, 11.00) points at 3 months. Seven patients had mild mandibular numbness, 10 patients had mild cervical numbness, and 3 patients had temporary hypothyroidism three months after surgery and 1 patient had skin flap burn, but recovered one month after surgery. All patients were satisfied with the postoperative aesthetic effects, and the postoperative aesthetic VAS score was 10.00 (10.00, 10.00). Conclusion: Gasless transoral vestibular robotic thyroidectomy using skin suspension is a safe and feasible option with good postoperative aesthetic effect, which can provide a new treatment option for some selected patients with thyroid tumors.

Chrysin alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis in rats / 中国中药杂志

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether chrysin reduces cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI) by inhi-biting ferroptosis in rats. Male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham group, a model group, high-, medium-, and low-dose chrysin groups(200, 100, and 50 mg·kg~(-1)), and a positive drug group(Ginaton, 21.6 mg·kg~(-1)). The CIRI model was induced in rats by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAO). The indexes were evaluated and the samples were taken 24 h after the operation. The neurological deficit score was used to detect neurological function. The 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining was used to detect the cerebral infarction area. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and Nissl staining were used to observe the morphological structure of brain tissues. Prussian blue staining was used to observe the iron accumulation in the brain. Total iron, lipid pero-xide, and malondialdehyde in serum and brain tissues were detected by biochemical reagents. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein expression of solute carrier fa-mily 7 member 11(SLC7A11), transferrin receptor 1(TFR1), glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4(ACSL4), and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2) in brain tissues. Compared with the model group, the groups with drug intervention showed restored neurological function, decreased cerebral infarction rate, and alleviated pathological changes. The low-dose chrysin group was selected as the optimal dosing group. Compared with the model group, the chrysin groups showed reduced content of total iron, lipid peroxide, and malondialdehyde in brain tissues and serum, increased mRNA and protein expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4, and decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of TFR1, PTGS2, and ACSL4. Chrysin may regulate iron metabolism via regulating the related targets of ferroptosis and inhibit neuronal ferroptosis induced by CIRI.

Effect of Iridoid-rich Fraction from Valeriana Jatamansi Jones on Neuron Pyroptosis in Rats with Acute Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effects of iridoid-rich fraction from Valeriana jatamansi Jones (IRFV) on neuronal pyroptosis in rats with acute spinal cord injury, and to explain the related mechanism of neuroprotection. Methods:Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model group and treatment group, with eight rats in each group. The model of spinal cord injury was established by using a medical aneurysm clip in the latter two groups. Only the lamina was removed without injury to the spinal cord in the sham-operated group. Four hours after the operation, the treatment group was given IRFV solution 10 mg/kg, the model group and the sham-operated group were given the same volume of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) solution, for seven days. The rats were sacrificed to detected the pathological changes and the residual area of spinal cord tissue through HE staining. The apoptosis of nerve cells of the spinal cord tissue at the perilesional area was detected by TUNEL fluorescent staining. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18 in serum were detected by ELISA Kit and the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and GSDMD were detected by Western blotting. Results:Compared with the sham-operated group, the residual area of spinal cord tissue decreased (P < 0.05), and the positive rate of TUNEL staining, the level of IL-1 and IL-18, and the expression of pyroptosis-associated proteins (NLRP3, Caspase-1 and GSDMD) increased (P < 0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the pathological condition of the spinal cord tissue improved and the residual area of the spinal cord tissue increased (P < 0.05); the positive rate of TUNEL staining, the level of IL-1 and IL-18 and the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and GSDMD decreased (P < 0.05) in the treatment group. Conclusion:IRFV could attenuate the inflammatory response to exert neuroprotective effects, which may be related to the regulation of NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway to inhibit the neuronal pyroptosis in rats with acute spinal cord injury.

Mechanism and Clinical Efficacy of Danhong Injection in Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death in the world and has become a major public health problem worldwide. CHD belongs to the category of "chest stuffiness" in traditional Chinese medicine, and the blood stasis syndrome is the most common syndrome.Danhong injection is prepared from the extract of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Carthami Flos. It has the functions of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. It has anti-inflammatory damage, anti-apoptosis, protection of vascular endothelium, inhibition of platelet aggregation, anti-hyperlipidemia, anticoagulation, improvement of blood rheology and other effects.It also could improve myocardial ischemia and relieve angina symptoms.Danhong injection is widely used in various stages of CHD, including stable angina pectoris, unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, postoperative percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI), ischemic cardiomyopathy, CHD with arrhythmia, CHD with hyperlipidemia, CHD with heart failure and CHD with diabetes.

HPV vaccination intention for female college students: review of current situation and influencing factors / 上海预防医学

The HPV vaccination intention in Chinese female college students and the application of health behavior related theory are reviewed in this article. Based on the health ecological model, influencing factors of college students' HPV vaccination intention were analyzed, proposing application prospect of the information-motivation-behavioral skills model in HPV vaccine behavioral science. Thus is to be explored the behavioral intervention model of Chinese female college students' HPV vaccination.

Telomere Length, Expression of MRE11 and Ku80 in Patients with Aplastic Anemia and Their Correlation with Pathogenesis / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression levels of MRE11 and Ku80 mRNA, and telomere length in bone marrow mononuclear cells of aplastic anemia(AA) patients, and to explore their correlation with pathogenesis of aplastic anemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bone marrow mononuclear cells were collected from 40 cases of AA and 20 normal controls for detecting mRNA expression of MRE11 and Ku80 and telomere length by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), then MRE11, Ku80 and telomere length were analyzed for their correlation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared with controls, the expression levels of MRE11 and Ku80 in patients with AA were significantly reduced, and the telomere length in patients with AA was obviously shortened, respectively (P<0. 05). The telomere length was significantly shorter in the persons aged ≥45 years in comparison with the AA patients and normal control younger than 45 years old (P<0.05). For the AA patients older than or equal to 45 years and less than 45 years in comparison with the controls at the same age, the telomere length was significantly shorter(P<0.05). The expression levels of MRE11 and Ku80 didn't correlate with telomere length (P>0.05). The mRNA expression level of MRE11 correlated positively and significantly with that of Ku80 (r=0.863, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The change of telomere length may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of aplastic anemia. The lower expression of MRE11 and Ku80 may be involved in the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia.</p>

Multiple primary sarcomatoid carcinoma of the jejunum with postoperative lung and brain metastases: a case report and literature review / 南方医科大学学报

We report a rare case of a multiple sarcomatoid carcinoma of the jejunum with postoperative lung and brain metastases. The patient underwent jejunum segmental resection for intussusception and gastrointestinal bleeding. Multiple metastasis ofbrain and lung occurred 4 months after the operation, and the patient died for multiple organ failure 8 months after the surgery. Primary sarcomatoid carcinoma was difficult to diagnose at an early stage, and the diagnosis relies on optical microscopic and immunohistochemical observations. Currently no guidelinesare established for treatment for sarcomatoid carcinoma of the jejunum, and surgical resection remains the optimal therapeutic approach. Previous reports documented a poor prognosis of the patients with a median survival time of 5.5 months (0.36-36months), and the primary causes of death were tumor recurrence and metastasis. Ki-67 as a potential prognostic marker and the value of PD-L1-targeted immunotherapy for the treatment await further investigation.

Role of heteroplasmic mutations in the mitochondrial genome and the ID4 gene promoter methylation region in the pathogenesis of chronic aplastic anemia in patients suffering from Kidney yin deficiency / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze changes in gene amplification in the mitochondrial genome and in the ID4 gene promoter methylation region in patients with chronic aplastic anemia (CAA) suffering from Kidney (Shen) yin deficiency or Kidney yang deficiency.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bone marrow and oral epithelium samples were collected from CAA patients with Kidney yin deficiency or Kidney yang deficiency (20 cases). Bone marrow samples were collected from 20 healthy volunteers. The mitochondrial genome was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and PCR products were used for sequencing and analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Higher mutational rates were observed in the ND1-2, ND4-6, and CYTB genes in CAA patients suffering from Kidney yin deficiency. Moreover, the ID4 gene was unmethylated in bone marrow samples from healthy individuals, but was methylated in some CAA patients suffering from Kidney yin deficiency (positive rate, 60%) and Kidney yang deficiency (positive rate, 55%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These data supported that gene mutations can alter the expression of respiratory chain enzyme complexes in CAA patients, resulting in energy metabolism impairment and promoting the physiological and pathological processes of hematopoietic failure. Functional impairment of the mitochondrial respiration chain induced by gene mutation may be an important reason for hematopoietic failure in patients with CAA. This change is closely related to maternal inheritance and Kidney yin deficiency. Finally, these data supported the assertion that it is easy to treat disease in patients suffering from yang deficiency and difficult to treat disease in patients suffering from yin deficiency.</p>

Clinical features of chronic granulomatous disease / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency of phagocytic oxidative bursts leading to recurrent severe bacterial and fungal infections as well as granuloma formation. There were few reports on the clinical characteristics of this disease in China. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of 48 Chinese cases with CGD which were confirmed by clinical features, dihydrorhodamine (DHR) assay and gene mutation analysis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The study cohort was the population of CGD patients diagnosed in Children's Hospital of Fudan University from January, 2004, to June, 2011. Cases included in our analysis were restricted to those who had complete data of the clinical symptoms and laboratory tests. The patients were followed up by outpatient visiting and telephone call regularly for 0.5 to 6 years. The history and data of physical examination and treatment of 48 cases were collected and reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>All the patients were diagnosed by DHR analysis. The age of onset of all the 48 patients were less than 6 months, including 43 male and 5 female. The mean age at diagnosis was 2.42 years; 12 patients were infants under six months, 10 were between 6 and 12 months, 9 were between 1 and 2 years, 5 patients were between 2 and 3 years, 4 were between 4 and 5 years, and 8 were between 6 and 10 years. Recurrent respiratory infection (44/48) and chronic diarrhea (31/48) were the common symptoms in all the patients, and then skin lesion (22/48), including marked reaction at BCG infected site, pustular eruption and infected skin ulcer and urinary tract infection (3/48) were also general symptoms in our study. In addition, lymphadenectasis occurred in 31 cases and 23 of them were considered to be associated with BCG vaccination. The pathogens caused the infection were mycobacteria (52.08%), fungi (43.75%) and pyogenic bacteria. Thirty-seven patients had mutations in CYBB/CYBA/NCF1/NCF2 genes. Recombinant human interferon-gamma (rhIFN-γ) plus sulfamethoxazole were used for the prevention and treatment of infection, the frequency and severity of the disease could be reduced.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The age at onset and diagnosis of the present group of CGD was younger. Clinical symptoms were associated with recurrent mycobacterial, fungal and pyogenic bacterial infection, which involved respiratory tract, alimentary tract, skin and lymph node. rhIFN-γ partially improved the prognosis of CGD.</p>

Characterization of vinflunine tartrate liposomes in vitro and in vivo / 药学学报

Vinflunine tartrate-loaded liposomes (VT-L) with two drug-to-lipid ratios were prepared by pH gradient method. Vesicle size and zeta potential were determined by the Zetasizer Nano ZS. Entrapment efficiency was evaluated by cation exchange resin centrifugalization method. The toxicity and tumor inhibition to nude mouse administrated by VT-L with different drug-to-lipid ratios were investigated and compared with the vinflunine tartrate injection (VT-I). The results showed that the mean particle size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of the VT-L with drug-to-lipid ratios of 1 : 5 and 1 : 10 were 124.6 nm and 128.3 nm, -25.3 mV and -22.8 mV, 94.46% and 97.31%, respectively. The VT-L with two different drug-to-lipid ratios has significantly higher anti-tumor effect to nude mouse transplanted human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 and lower toxicity than VT-I. While there were no significant differences in anti-tumor effect and toxicity between VT-L with two different drug-to-lipid ratios.

Optimization of the formulation of ranolazine hydrochloride sustained-release tablet and its pharmacokinetics in dogs / 药学学报

Ranolazine hydrochloride sustained-release tablet (RH-ST) was prepared and its release behavior in vitro was studied. The pharmacokinetic characteristics and bioavailability in six Beagle dogs after oral administration of RH-ST and ranolazine hydrochloride common tablets (RH-CT) as reference were compared. Three kinds of matrix, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC K4M), ethylcellulose (EC 100cp) and acrylic resins (Eudragit RL100) were selected as functional excipients to keep ranolazine hydrochloride (RH) release for 12 hours. Through orthogonal designs, the polymers were quantified and the optimized cumulative release profile was obtained. The single oral dose of RH-ST 500 mg and RH-CT 333.3 mg was given to six dogs using a two way crossover design. Plasma levels were determined by LC-MS and the absorption fractions were calculated according to Loo-Riegelman formula. The steady-state concentration of RH in plasma of six dogs and its pharmacokinetics behaviors after continuous oral administration of RH-ST and RH-CT at different time intervals were studied by LC-MS. The steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters were computed by software program BAPP2.0. With the increase of the amount of the matrix, the drug release was decreased. The most important factor influencing drug release is the quantity of HPMC K4M. Drug release within the period (from 0 h to 12 h) fitted well into Higuchi model. The correlation coefficient (r) between the dissolution in vitro in release media of the distilled water and the absorptin fraction in vivo was 0.9550. To compare with RH-CT, RH-ST in vivo has a steady and slow release behavior, Tmax was obviously delayed (3.00 +/- 0.50) h and the relative bioavailability was over 80 percentage. The combined use of multiple polymers can decrease the tablet weight effectively, and the drug release rate can be decreased both in vitro and in vivo.

Bifidobacterium DNA upregulates Th1 type response of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of bifidobacterium genomic DNA on umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell (CBMC), and investigate the immunoregulation of bifidobacterium DNA and explore possible mechanisms by which bifidobacterium acts against allergic reaction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bifidobacterium genomic DNA (bDNA) and human DNA (hDNA) were extracted with phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol and stored at -20 degrees C for later use. Parts of bDNA were completely digested with DNaseI (d-bDNA) at 37 degrees C. CBMCs were isolated with Ficoll from umbilical cord blood and incubated at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO2 humidified incubator. These cells were divided into four groups, control group: without any stimulant; bDNA group: stimulated with 25 microg/ml bDNA; d-bDNA group: stimulated with 25 microg/ml d-bDNA; hDNA group: stimulated with 25 microg/ml hDNA. The cells were stimulated with different stimulants in vitro, at the end of incubation culture supernatant and cells were collected. IL-12 and IL-10 levels in the culture supernatant were measured by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA); cells secreting IL-4 and IFN-gamma were counted by enzyme linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay; and total RNA was isolated from the cells to assay T-bet and GATA3 mRNA expression levels by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six hours after stimulation there was no significant difference in IL-12 level in supernatant among the four groups; 12 hours after stimulation, IL-12 level in supernatant of bDNA treated group was significantly higher than that of each of the other groups, so were the results obtained at 24 hours and 48 hours after stimulation (P < 0.05). No significant difference could be detected in IL-12 level in supernatant among the other 3 groups. On the other hand, 6 hours after stimulation there was no significant difference in IL-10 level in supernatant among the four groups. But 12 and 24 hours after stimulation IL-10 level in supernatant of bDNA treated group was lower than that of each of the other groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. The count of IFN-gamma secreting cells of bDNA treated group was higher than that of the other groups, while IL-4 secteting cells of bDNA treated group were lower than that of the other groups. After bDNA stimulation, nuclear factor T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet) mRNA expression was conspicuously enhanced as compared to the other three groups (P < 0.05). GATA3 mRNA transcription in CBMC had no significant change after bDNA stimulation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>bDNA could promote secretion of Th1 type cytokine IL-12, while Th2 type cytokine IL-10 level of cell supernatant was decreased. bDNA could stimulate secretion of IFN-gamma by CBMC and inhibit secretion of IL-4. T-bet mRNA expression was highly enhanced after bDNA stimulation. bDNA could upregulate Th1 type response, which may be one of important mechanisms by which bifidobacterium inhibit allergic response.</p>

Effect of Autoantibody Tests in Diagnosis of Autoimmune Diseases in Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the effect of autoantibody test which includes antinuclear antibodies(ANA),antinuclear antibody fluorescence patterns,anti-extractable nuclear antigen(ENA) antibodies and anti-double strands DNA(ds-DNA) antibodies in the diagnosis of pediactic autoimmune diseases.Methods Of all the inpatients which had positive results of autoantibody tests,135 cases were reviewed.The autoantibody assay,positive value(PV) analysis were performed respectively.Results PV of ANA test to autoimmune diseases was 0.36 which was proportional to the intensity of fluorescence;Of all the fluorescence patterns,speckled(fine) had a relatively high PV;Anti-ENA and anti-dsDNA antibody tests had higher PV than ANA test.Conclusion Fluorescence intensity,(anti-ENA) antibody test and anti-dsDNA antibody test may be useful in identifying autoimmune diseases in clinic.

Non-linear developable model of skeletal muscle / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To discussing the methods used in creating non linear developable biomechanical models of skeletal muscle.Methods One of the basic tools of the analytical approach in analytical mechanics, the principle of virtual work for deformable systems, was used to create the model. By means of method of Lagrange multipliers, the problems of constraints, such as the incompressibility of skeletal muscle, were effectively tackled. Results and Conclusion The biomechanical models of skeletal muscle has been developed. The program of this model can be used to obtain nodal displacement coordinates of given nodal coordinates and parameters.